[Indian Year Book 2022-23]* Indian Year Book Notes | Chapter 29. Scientific and Technological Development

 

Indian Year Book

(2022-23)

Chapter – 29. Scientific and Technological

Development

 

The Department of Science and Technology (DST) functions as a nodal agency to connect science and technology (S&T) sector to government verticals.

 

Department of Science and Technology

Ø  Department of Science and Technology, in its endeavour to strengthen national science and technology capacity and capability, implements several planned initiatives to enable Indian S&T community, increase scientifi c and technological outputs.

 

Science, Technology and Innovation Policy

Ø  The Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) Policy unveiled in 2013 includes a thrust for innovations in science and technology sector.

Ø  STI policy reveals an aspiration to gain global competitiveness and link science sector to the developmental agenda of the country.

Ø  Science, research and innovation system for high technology led path for India (SRISHTI) is the main policy goal. Integration of science, research and innovation systems and emergence of India as one of the top fi ve of six knowledge powers in science are expressed aspirations of the STI policy.

 

CAWACH on Covid-19

Ø  To tackle the extraordinary situations created by the pandemic, Indian Science and Technology startups joined forces and came out with extraordinary responses.

Ø  National Science & Technology Entrepreneurship Development Board (NSTEDB) as a rapid response rolled out a new programme Centre for Augmenting War on Covid-19 Health Crisis (CAWACH) in 2020.

 

Science and Engineering Research

Ø  The Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB) has come up with several innovative programmes and schemes to identify potential scientists and support them for undertaking research and development in frontier areas of science and engineering.

Ø  The Department of Science and Technology and its various autonomous institutions made some signifi cant efforts to address R&D and innovation related challenges arising out of the pandemic.

 

Mission Implementation Strategy

Ø  Various Cyber Physical Systems and its associated technology verticals have been considered under National Mission on Interdisciplinary Cyber Physical System (NM-ICPS).

Ø  The proposed NM-ICPS is a comprehensive Mission aimed at complete convergence with all stakeholders by establishing strong linkages between academia, industry, Government and International Organisations.

Ø   The Mission is implemented through 25 number of Technology Innovation Hubs (TIHs) established as part of the Mission in the top academic and national R & D institutes.

 

Teachers’ Associates for Research Excellence (TARE) Mobility Scheme:

Ø  The Scheme launched in 2016-17 aims to facilitate mobility of faculty members working in a regular capacity in state universities/colleges/academic institutions such as IlTs, IISc, IISERs, national labs, etc., located nearer to the institution where the faculty member is working.

Ø  This will synchronize investment needed and the research talent available.

 

Interdisciplinary Cyber Physical Systems

Ø  Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) combine digital/cyber elements with physical objects (machines, autonomous vehicles) and data with capabilities of communication, data collection and processing, computing, decision making and action.

Ø  Its main objectives include: technology development, translational research and commercialisation in CPS and associated technologies; produce next generation skilled manpower; accelerate entrepreneurship and start-up ecosystem development in CPS; and give impetus to advanced research in CPS, technology development and higher education in science, technology and engineering disciplines, etc.

 

Opportunities for Women Scientists

Ø  Department of Science and Technology launched several initiatives for women in science under its fl agship scheme namely KIRAN (Knowledge Involvement in Research Advancement through Nurturing).

Ø  Through this unique initiative, DST provides opportunity to women scientists who had break in their career, primarily due to family reasons, to pursue research in physical and mathematical sciences, chemical sciences, life sciences, earth and atmospheric sciences and engineering technology.

 

Attracting Young Talent

Ø  The department is implementing Million Minds Augmenting National Aspirationand Knowledge (MANAK) scheme under its fl agship programme Innovation in Science Pursuit for Inspired Research (INSPIRE).

Ø  The INSPIRE awards MANAK scheme is a unique initiative to attract talented school students at an early age to study science and pursue research career apart from fostering a culture of innovation among them. The scheme caters to school children in the agegroup of 10-15 years and studying in Classes 6-10.

 

Water Technology Initiative

Ø  Water Technology Initiative (WTI), initiated in 2007, aims to promote R&D activities aimed at providing safe drinking water at affordable cost and in adequate quantity using appropriate science and technology interventions evolved through indigenous efforts. Since quality is the main consideration of safe drinking water, processes which imply nano-material and fi ltration technologies have been focused.

Ø  This proactive India centric ‘solution science’ endeavour aims to strengthen the R&D capacity and capability to develop the technological solutions for existing and emerging water challenges facing the country.

 

Nano Science and Technology

Ø  Nano Mission Programme was initiated in 2007 to foster, promote and develop all aspects of nano science and nano technology that have the potential to benefi t the country technologically, in strategic areas and also for the society at large. This is an umbrella programme which promotes basic research and focuses on nano technology adaptation and transfer to industry for use by masses.

 

 Climate Change

Ø  DST has been entrusted with the responsibility of coordinating two national missions on climate change as part of National Action on Climate Change (NAPCC).

Ø  These are:

·          National Mission for Sustaining the Himalayan Ecosystem (NMSHE) and (ii) National Mission on Strategic Knowledge for Climate Change (NMSKCC).

 

Clean Energy Research Initiative

Ø  The objective of Clean Energy Research Initiative (CERI) is to nurture S&T led breakthroughs to make clean energy affordable and accessible through strengthening research and innovation eco-system for clean energy.

Ø  CERI aims to: support upstream end of research to generate advanced knowledge of potential application to clean energy; accelerate India centric innovations developed around user needs; and promote national, bilateral and multilateral collaboration between industry, academics, utilities and other stakeholders to gain value for such connections; and create national research.

 

 National Initiative for Developing and Harnessing Innovations

The umbrella programme of the National Initiative for Developing and Harnessing Innovations (NIDHI) aims to nurture start-ups through scouting, supporting, and scaling of innovations.

 

Autonomous Bodies

Ø  The DST nurtures 25 autonomous bodies. These include 16 research institutions, four specialised knowledge institutions and S&T service organisations and fi ve professional bodies.

Ø  The 16 research institutions in the DST family form a very special group from several points of view.

 

Research for Covid-19

Ø  To ramp up the Covid-19 testing capacity in the country, DST has engaged fi ve of its laboratories for testing related activities as per the ICMR guidelines in collaboration with the Department of Health Research.

Ø  A unique type of face mask, named as Tribo-E mask, was designed and developed. This mask has a design (patent pending) that helps to create enough space in front of the mouth while speaking.

 

Translational Research Programme

Ø  Translational Research Programme was launched along with fi ve technical research centres with a mission to provide techno-legal-commercial and fi nancial support to scientists, entrepreneurs, and business fraternity.

Ø  This was mainly to achieve translation of research into products and processes for greater economic and societal benefi ts in DST institutions.

 

Survey of India

Ø  Survey of India (S01), the national survey and mapping organisation under the Ministry of Science and Technology, was set up in 1767.

Ø  In its assigned role as the National Principal Mapping Agency, Survey of India, bears a special responsibility to ensure that the country’s domain is explored and mapped suitably to provide base maps for expeditious and integrated development and ensure that all resources contribute their full measure to the progress, prosperity and security of the ‘country.

 

Council of Scientifi c and Industrial Research

Ø  The Council of Scientifi c and Industrial Research (CSIR) constituted in 1942 is an autonomous body, which is known for its cutting edge R&D knowledge base in diverse S&T areas.

Ø  It provides signifi cant technological intervention in many areas with regard to societal efforts which include environment, health, drinking water, food, housing, energy, leather, farm and non-farm sectors.

Ø  CSIR is the country’s custodian for measurement standards of mass, distance, time, temperature, current, etc.

Ø  It has created and is the custodian of Traditional Knowledge Digital Library (TKDL) which is a powerful weapon against unethical commercial exploitation of Indian traditional knowledge.

Ø  It maintains Microbial Type Culture Collection (MTCC) and Gene Bank. Pioneer of India’s intellectual property movement, CSIR today is strengthening its patent portfolio to carve out global niches for the country in select technology domains.

 

Atomic Energy

Ø  The Department of Atomic Energy (DAE) is engaged in the development of nuclear power technology, applications of radiation technologies in the fi elds of agriculture, medicine, industry, and basic research.

 

Nuclear Power Programme

Ø  To utilise uranium and large thorium reserves in the country for electricity generation, India has been pursuing a three-stage nuclear power programme (NPP). For the fi rst stage of nuclear power programme the Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited (NPCIL), a Public Sector Enterprise under DAE, is responsible for siting, design, construction, commissioning and operation of nuclear power reactors.

Ø  The Heavy Water Board (HWB) has contributed successfully to the fi rst stage of Nuclear Power Programme by producing heavy water for all pressurised heavy water reactors (PHWRs)

 

R&D Support to Power Sector

Ø  The research and development support to the Nuclear Power Programme is provided by the research centers of DAE. Numerical models were developed and validated for defl agration, fl ame acceleration and detonation using experimental data to understand different physical and chemical processes during hydrogen combustion. Fitness-for-Service and assessment of remaining life of hemispherical bottom head of second stage hot tower of HWP, Kota, was carried out by fi nite element analyses and limit load calculations.

 

Health Safety and Environment

Ø  Environmental Survey Laboratories (ESLs) equipped with state-of-the-art instruments are established at each DAE facility for periodic monitoring of environmental matrices.

 

Fast Breeder Reactors

Ø  For the second stage of the Nuclear Power Generation Programme, the Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research (IGCAR) is pursuing development of sodium cooled fast breeder reactors and associated fuel cycle technologies. Breeder reactors produce more fuel than they consume.

Ø  " The Fast Reactor Programme support research and development endeavour in a range of disciplines such as reactor engineering, metallurgy, materials science, instrumentation, safety, and others.

 

Kalpakkam Mini (Kamini) Reactor

Ø  The U-233 based Kalpakkam Mini Reactor (KAMINI) continued to operate successfully at a maximum power level of 30 kWt.

Ø  It is serving its unique role as a facility for neutron activation studies, neutron radiography of irradiated fuels, active and inactive components, and testing indigenously developed neutron detectors.

 

Horn; Bhabha National Institute

Ø  Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), a deemed University, is a grant-in-aid institute of the DAE. "

Ø  It encourages research in various facets of nuclear science and technology including mathematics.

 

Training

Ø  The Human Resource Development Division (HRDD) of BARC mainly fulfi lls its mandate through BARC Training School (BARCTS), established in 1957 in Mumbai.

Ø  They provide highly skilled human resources to DAE.

 

Indian Space Programme

Ø  Space activities in the country were initiated with the setting up of Indian National Committee for Space Research (INCOSPAR) in 1962. In the same year, work on Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station (TERLS) near Thiruvananthapuram was also started. Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) was established in August 1969.

Ø  The Government of India constituted the space commission and established the Department of Space (DOS) in 1972 and brought ISRO under DOS in 1972.

Ø  Space Commission formulates the policies and oversees the implementation of the Indian space programme to promote the development and application of space science and technology for the socio-economic benefi t of the country.

Ø  Antrix Corporation, established in 1992 as a government owned company, markets the space products and services.

 

Activities

Ø  In order to enhance the diffusion of space technology and boost space economy, DoS encourages the participation of private companies and start-ups to undertake end-to-end space activities.

Ø  Indian National Space Promotion and Authorisation Centre (IN-SPACEe), an independent nodal agency has been set up in DoS for allowing space activities and usage of DoS owned facilities by private entities.

 

Gaganyaan - Human Spacefl ight Mission

Ø  The Gaganyaan Programme marks an infl exion point in the growth profi le of India’s space endeavour.

Ø  The Programme envisages undertaking the demonstration of human spacefl ight to Low Earth Orbit in the short-term and will lay the foundation for a sustained Indian human space exploration programme in the long run.

 

Space Transportation System

Ø  The Indian Space Programme has made a successful transition in terms of technology acquisition and launch vehicle development. Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) has become a favoured carrier for satellites of various countries.

Ø  The Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV) with indigenous Cryogenic stage has graduated to become an operational vehicle for communication satellites.

 

Space Applications - Communication

Ø  A fl eet of 17 communication satellites are operating over India with communication transponders in C-band, Extended C-band, Ku-band, Ka/Ku band and S-band.

Ø  These satellites support the services like television broadcasting, DTH television, telecommunication, VSATs, radio networking, strategic communication and societal applications.

 

Earth Observation

Ø  Keeping in focus the vision of Indian Space Programme for “harnessing space technology for national development”, space applications are realised through synergistic use of earth observation, communication and navigation satellites in the areas of socio-economic security, sustainable development, disaster risk reduction and governance.

Ø  Assessment of natural resources and wasteland/ land degradation status are carried out using space-derived and ancillary inputs. Techniques have been developed for crop production forecasting, potential fi shing zone (PFZ) forecasting, horticulture assessment and management, crop insurance programme, assessment of irrigation potential utilisation and reservoir capacity, etc., using remote sensing inputs.

Ø  The Disaster Management Support (DMS) Programme of !SRO provides space based inputs for the effective management of disasters in the country. The Decision Support Centre (DSC), established at National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC), is engaged in monitoring of natural disasters such as fl oods, cyclones, landslides, forest fi res, etc.

Ø  ISRO is a signatory of the International Charter for ‘Space and Major Disasters’, which aims at providing a unifi ed system of space data acquisition

Ø   and delivery to users affected by disasters. " Towards this, ISRO supports the Charter and Sentinel Asia by planning satellite data acquisition from various Indian Remote Sensing Satellites.

 

Space Science and Planetary Research

Ø  India’s fi rst dedicated astronomical space observatory, AstroSat, enables the simultaneous multiwavelength observation of various astronomical objects with a single satellite.

Ø  Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM), which is India’s fi rst inter-planetary spacecraft mission, has successfully completed six years in its orbit around Mars. Scientifi c

Ø  The Chandrayaan-2 orbiter mission, that has completed two years in lunar orbit continues to give high quality data on water-ice signatures on the lunar surface and sub-surface, surface compositional data and extract high-resolution topographic images for a variety of scientifi c investigations.

 

Capacity Building

Ø  Space domain is exclusive with high risk. The cost of failure is of multiple order, compared to conventional areas. The space missions are conceived with almost zero defect, and the facilities for carrying out the space activities are capital intensive.

Ø  Capacity building therefore becomes very important and encompasses multiple areas of development to ensure that the department achieves its goals, as envisioned.

 

International Cooperation

Ø  International cooperation is an integral part of Indian space activities and ISRO continues to lay importance on bilateral and multilateral relations with space agencies and space related bodies with the aim of taking up new scientifi c and technological challenges; defi ning international frameworks for exploitation and utilisation of outer space for peaceful purposes, refi ning space policies and building and strengthening existing ties between the countries.

 

Space Commerce

Ø  Government created the New Space India Limited (NSIL) as a Central Public Sector Enterprise under the administrative control of Department of Space in 2019.

Ø  It was created with the vision to provide the products and services emanating from the Indian Space Programme to the Indian and global customers and spur the growth of the Indian Industry to undertake technological challenges in space related activities.

 

Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology

Ø  Towards capacity building in human resources and to meet the growing demands of the Indian Space Programme, the Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology (IIST), a deemed university, was established at Thiruvananthapuram in 2007.

Ø  The institute is fi rst of its kind in the country to offer high quality education at undergraduate, postgraduate, doctoral and post-doctoral levels with special focus to space sciences, space technology and space application.

 

Earth Sciences

Ø  Earth system sciences deal with all the fi ve components of the earth system, viz., atmosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, lithosphere and biosphere and their complex interaction.

 

Atmospheric and Climate Research

Ø  A high resolution global deterministic weather prediction model was commissioned for generating operational weather forecasts at a horizontal resolution of 12 km.

Ø  With this, MoES has attained the same capability as in USA in using high resolution weather prediction models. M

 

Agro-Meteorological Advisory Services

Ø  The Ministry in collaboration with the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) provides the Agromet Advisory Services (AAS) for the benefi t of farmers.

Ø  Farmers make use of these services for planning the operations like sowing, irrigation, application of fertiliser and pesticide, harvest and protection of crops from weather disasters.

 

Forecasts for Heat and Cold Waves

Ø  With global warming, surface air temperatures are expected to further increase and frequency of heat waves may also increase. To provide adequate warnings about heat waves and associated health hazards, MoES for the fi rst time started issuing forecasts for heat waves over the country.

 

Ocean Services, Technology, Observations, Resources Modelling and Science

Ø  Ocean Services, Technology, Observations, Resources Modelling and Science (0-SMART) encompasses 16 sub-projects addressing ocean development activities such as services, technology, resources, observations and science.

Ø  The services rendered under it will provide economic benefi ts to a number of user communities in the coastal and ocean sectors, namely, fi sheries, offshore industry, coastal states, defence, shipping, ports, etc.

 

Atmospheric and Climate Research, Observations Science Services

Ø  Atmospheric and Climate Research, Observations Science Services (ACROSS) pertains to the atmospheric science programmes of the Ministry.

Ø  Its objective is to provide reliable weather and climate forecast.

Ø   It also aims at improving skill of weather and climate forecast through sustained observations and intensive R & D.

 

Ocean Services: Technology and Observations Potential Fishery Zone (PFZ) Advisories

Ø  The Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services (INCOIS) provides PFZ advisories to 2.75 lakh fi shermen on a daily basis to help them to easily locate the areas of abundant fi sh in the ocean.

 

Ocean Forecasts

Ø  Ocean state forecastes (forecasts of waves, currents, sea surface temperature, etc.) to fi sher folk, shipping industry, oil and natural gas industry, navy, coast guard and other stakeholders have improved considerably.

 

Tsunami Warning System

Ø  The Indian Tsunami Warning System established by the Ministry at the Indian Centre for Ocean Information Services (INCOIS), Hyderabad, has been recognised as the Regional Tsunami Service Provider (RSTP) for the Indian Ocean region by UNESCO to provide warning to countries of the Indian Ocean. "

Ø  This includes the service of level-2 Tsunami advisories for the Indian Ocean. The Indian Tsunami Early Warning Centre (ITEWC) keeps watch of all tsunamigenic earthquakes in and around the Indian Ocean and issues appropriate messages in the event of any threats from potential tsunamis.

 

Polar and Cryosphere Research (PACER)

Ø  National Centre for Antarctic and Ocean Research (NCAOR), Goa established a high altitude research station in Himalaya called Himansh (literally meaning, a slice of ice), situated above 13,500 ft (>4000 m) at a remote region in Spiti, Himachal Pradesh.

Ø  This station is equipped with instruments such as automatic station, water level recorder, steam drill, snow ice corer, ground penetrating radar, differential global positioning system, snow fork, fl ow tracker, thermister string, radiometer, etc.

 

Seismology and Geoscience Research (SAGE)

Ø  The national seismological network consisting of 115 observatories has been functioning smoothly.

Ø  Information pertaining to signifi cant earthquake events were transmitted to all concerned state and central government agencies, dealing with relief and rescue operations in the region and also posted on the website.

 

Research, Education and Training Outreach Programme

Ø  Research, Education and Training Outreach (REACHOUT) Programme is a scheme that provides support to academic/research organisations in various sectors of earth system sciences including technology development.

Ø  The main objectives of this programme are:

·         To support various R&D activities in the thrust areas of different components of earth system sciences that are theme and need based; and

·         To provide training and create awareness amongst the public, students, academicians and user communities about the various fi elds of earth system science.

 

 Biotechnology

Ø  Realising the tremendous potential of biotechnology in improving human and animal health and productivity, and enhancing agricultural activity, the government set up a multi-agency board namely National Biotechnology Board (NBTB) in 1982.

Ø  Subsequently, the National Board was upgraded to a full-fl edged Department of Biotechnology (DBT) under the Ministry of Science and Technology in 1986.

Ø  This provided the much-needed impetus to biotechnology and the Department conceived programmes and formulated integrated programmes in line with its allocation of business rules.

Ø  DBT has always laid emphasis on promotion of excellence and innovation for discovery; early and late stage translational research in varous sectors including agriculture; affordable healthcare and medical technology; food and nutritional security; animal biotechnology; environmental safety; clean energy and bio-fuel; bio-manufacturing, etc.

Ø  Innovation-driven research in biotechnology and modern biology is being facilitated and supported by the Department through its various schemes across the country.

 

Autonomous Institutions

Ø  DBT being a visionary in biotech research and promotion established 16 autonomous institutes for pursuing research in various disciplines of biotechnology.

Ø  National Institute of Immunology (NIl), New Delhi continued expansion of scientifi c programmes in a multi-investigators driven mode to address challenging questions in biology for improvement of healthcare.

Ø  It also promotes state-of-the-art teaching and training facilities in advanced biological sciences using an inter disciplinary approach so as to inculcate the highest level of aptitude and ability in the country’s skilled manpower pool.

Ø  National Centre for Cell Sciences (NCCS), Pune has taken new initiatives in nurturing young scientifi c talent and research scholars into its Ph.D. programme dealing with cutting-edge research areas in structural biology, stem cell biology, deciphering the role of RNA in biological control processes and the cellular and molecular basis of memory.

Ø  Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (CDFD), Hyderabad is well equipped with worldclass state-of-the-art instrumentation and computing infrastructure to facilitate working in frontier areas of research in life sciences.

Ø  Institute of Life Sciences (ILS), Bhubaneswar focuses on infectious disease biology, gene function and regulation and translational research.

Ø  It has state-of-the-art infrastructural facilities for cutting-edge multi-disciplinary research in frontier areas of life sciences.

Ø  National Brain Research Centre (NBRC), Manesar is pursues inter-disciplinary research and teaching on epilepsy and brain mapping.

Ø  The focus of the Institute is on generation of skilled manpower in brain research that would help India to achieve international leadership in this frontier area of science.

Ø  National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), Delhi focuses on research on understanding of the structure, expression and function of genes along with arrangement of genes on plant genomes and manipulation of plant genes/genomes to breed improved varieties of food and industrial crops for high yields and of better quality products.

Ø  It is making attempts to translate some of the technologies developed through basic research activities for their application in agriculture.

Ø  Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Thiruvananthapuramhas been working on research programme on chronic disease biology, tropical disease biology and disease biotechnology.

Ø  Institute of Bio-resources and Sustainable Development (IBSD), Imphal is involved in conservation and sustainable utilisation of bio-resources for the socio-economic development of the north-eastern region.

Ø  Centre of Innovative and Applied Bio-processing (CIAB), Mohali focuses on secondary agriculture and catalyzing research, innovations and knowledge translation for production of secondary agricultural bioproducts.

Ø  The Institute is currently involved in processing of agri-farm and food industry spare biomass.

Ø   National Institute of Biomedical Genomics (NIBMG), Kalyani is engaged in accelerating genomics for health and disease and discovering genomic evidence.

 

Biotechnology Parks and Incubators

Ø  The Department of Biotechnology promotes biotech research and helps to translate research into products and services.

Ø  Bangalore Life Science Cluster for Multi-scale Basic and Applied Research in Biological Sciences (B-Life), Bengaluru promotes research and technology development through generation of ideas, sharing resources and infrastructure amongst the partnering institutes.

Ø  NCR Biotech Science Cluster is established by involving fi ve autonomous institutes of DBT (NIBG, NIPGR, NBRC, THSTI and RCB).

Ø  The Cluster is supporting discovery-driven research in biology and developments of novel technologies and facilitation of public-private partnerships through biotech business incubators and parks.

 

Indian Antarctica Expeditions

Ø  India launched its 41st scientifi c expedition to Antarctica in November 2021.

Ø   The programme has now credited to have built three permanent research base stations—namely Dakshin Gangotri, Maitri, and Bharati.

Ø  The National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research (NCPOR), Goa, manages the entire Indian Antarctic programme.

 

Public Sector Undertakings

Ø  The Department has promoted new industry academia interface and is stimulating strategic research and innovation capabilities of the Indian biotech industry, particularly start-ups and SMEs, for creation of affordable products.

Ø  As an interface agency Biotechnology Industry Research Assistance Council (BIRAC) has been set up to foster innovation and entrepreneurship, promote affordable innovation in key social sectors, empowerment of start-ups and small and medium enterprises, contribute through partners for capability enhancement and diffusion of innovation, enable commercialisation of discovery and ensure global competitiveness of Indian enterprises.

Ø  The Department has two PSUs namely Bharat Immunologicals and Biologicals Corporation Limited (BIBCOL) and Biotechnology Industry Research Assistance Council (BIRAC). " BIBCOL manufactures and produces a range of pharmaceutical products such as Oral Polio Vaccines (OPV Vaccine), zinc tablet and diarrhea, management kit, etc.

Ø  BIRAC is a new industry-academic interface and implements its mandate through a wide range of impact initiatives, be it providing access to risk capital through targeted funding, technology transfer, IP management and handholding schemes that help bring innovation excellence to the biotech fi rms and make them globally competitive.

 

 

 

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