[Indian Year Book 2022-23]* Indian Year Book Notes | Chapter 21.Transport

 

Indian Year Book

(2022-23)

Chapter – 21. Transport

 

Transport plays vital role in sustainable economic growth of country. Our transport system consists of rail, road, coastal shipping, air transport etc. Transport sector showed growth over the years both in spread of network and in output of the system. The Ministry of Shipping and the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways are responsible for the formation and implementation of policies and programmes for the development of various modes of transport.

 

Railways

Ø  The Railways in India provide the principal mode of transportation for freight and passengers. It provides transport of public and makes possible the conduct of business, pilgrimage and education. It has bound the economic life of the country and helped in accelerating the development of industry and agriculture. First steam engine train in the year 1853 ran between Mumbai to Thane, a distance of 34 kms. From then Indian Railways have grown into a vast network of 7,321 stations spread over a route length of 67,415 km. It has played a vital role in the economic, industrial and social development of the country. The network runs multi-gauge operations extending over 67,415 route kilometres.

Ø  Central Public Sector Enterprises: There are 13 undertakings under the administrative control of the Ministry of Railways, viz., (i) RITES Ltd.; (ii) IRCON International Limited; (iii) Indian Railway Finance Corporation Limited (IRFC); (iv) Container Corporation of India Limited (CONCOR); (v) Konkan Railway Corporation Limited (KRCL); (vi) Mumbai Railway Vikas Corporation Limited (MRVC); (vii) Indian Railway Catering & Tourism Corporation Ltd. (IRCTC); (viii) Railtel Corporation of India Ltd. (Rail Tel); (ix) Rail Vikas Nigam Ltd. (RVNL); (x) Dedicated Freight Corridor Corporation of India Limited (DFCCIL); (xi) Bharat Wagon and Engineering Co. Ltd. (BWEL); (xii) Burn Standard Company Limited (BSCL); and (xiii) Braithwaite and Company Limited (BCL).

Ø  Research and Development: The Research Design and Standards Organization (RDSO) at Lucknow is the R&D wing of Indian Railways. RDSO has developed a new design of wider and heavier prestressed concrete sleeper RT-8527 to achieve higher frame resistance against bucking, higher rubber pad life.

Ø  Railway Finance: Railway Budget was being presented separately to Parliament since 1924. The Railways had its own 16 demands for grants, which also used to be considered and passed by the Parliament separately. The Government decided to merge the Railway Budget with the general Budget from 2017-18. The unifi ed budget will bring the affairs of the Railways to centre stage and present a holistic picture of the fi nancial position of the Government. This merger would facilitate multimodal transport planning between highways, railways and waterways. Instead of the erstwhile scheme of sixteen demands for grants, the Ministry of Finance introduced one demand for grant for the Ministry of Railways.

Ø  Railway Electrifi cation: In pre-independence period, electrifi cation remained confi ned to 388 Route Kilometers (RKMs) and it is only in the post-independence period that further electrifi cation was taken up. By March 2019, electrifi cation was extended to 34,319 RKMs out of the total rail network of 67,415 RKMs. This constitutes 50.91 per cent of the total railway network.

Ø  Rail tourism: Indian Railways is the prime mover of tourism in the country by connecting various tourist destinations across the country by rail. Several measures have been taken to promote the rail tourism such as separate tourist coaches, offering tour packages such as (i) Buddhist special trains; (ii) Astha circuit trains; (iii) bharat darshan trains; etc. The railway has been operating the tourist train ‘palace on wheels’ since 1982. Four more trains has been introduced namely; (i) deccan odyssey; (i) golden chariot; (iii) heritage palace on wheels and (iv) maharajas express.

 

Major Indian Railway Zones, Headquarters and their Divisions

§  Zonal Railways: Headquarters

·         Central: Mumbai y Eastern: Kolkata y East Coast: Bhubaneshwar

·         East Central Hajipur y Northern: New Delhi

·         North Central: Allahabad

·         North Eastern: Gorakhpur

·         Northeast Frontier: Maligaon (Guwahati)

·         North Western: Jaipur y Southern: Chennai

·         South Central: Secunderabad

·         South Eastern: Kolkata

·         South East Central Railway: Bilaspur y South Western Railway: Hubli

·         Western: Mumbai

·         West Central Railway: Jabalpur Metro Railway Kolkata

 

Roads

Ø  The “Ministry of Road Transport and Highways was formed in 2009 by bifurcating the erstwhile Ministry of Shipping, Road Transport and Highways into two independent ministries. Road transport is a critical infrastructure for economic development of a country. The “Ministry of Road Transport and Highways is the apex body for formulation and administration of the rules, regulations and laws relating to road transport and transport research.

Ø  The break-up is: national highways/expressways-1,34,380 kms; state highways-1,54,814 kms; other roads-56,08,477 kms totalling to 58,97,671 kms. The Ministry has been entrusted with the responsibility of development and maintenance of national highways (NHs). All roads other than national highways in the states fall within the jurisdiction of respective state governments.

Ø  In order to assist the state governments in the development of state roads, central government also provides fi nancial assistance out of the Central Road Fund (CRF).

 

Development and Maintenance of National Highways

Ø  The Government is implementing National Highways Development Project (NHDP), the largest Highways Project ever undertaken in the country since 2000. The NHDP is mainly being implemented by National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) and National Highways & Infrastructure Development Corporation Ltd. (NHIDCL).

 

Bharatmala Pariyojana

Ø  The Ministry has taken up detailed review of NHs network with a view to develop the road connectivity to border areas, development of coastal roads including road connectivity for non-major ports, improvement  in the effi ciency of national corridors, development of economic corridors, inter corridors and feeder routes along with integration with Sagarmala, etc., under Bharatmala Pariyojana. The network identifi ed under the Pariyojana has been further optimized to improve connectivity across key economic centres through discussions with all stakeholders.

 

Green national highway corridor project

Ø  The Green national highway corridor project (GHNCP) was launched in 2016. The project includes up gradation of about 781 km of various national highways passing through Rajasthan, Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh and Andhra Pradesh. It was launched under green highway policy that was unveiled in highways. This was introduced to reduce air pollution and dust in the roads as well as to reduce the impact of noise pollution. This project has been aided by World Bank.

 

Bhoomi Rashi

Ø  The ministry launched Bhoomi Rashi portal to digitise the land acquisition notifi cation process and avoid parking of public funds with the competent authority for land acquisition (CALA).

 

Char Dham Mahamarg Vikas Pariyojana

Ø  This project envisages development of easy access routes to the four prominent Dhams, namely, Gangotri, Yamunotri, Kedarnath and Badrinath. The project entails development of 889 km of roads with confi guration of two-lane with paved shoulders.

 

National Highways Authority of India

Ø  The National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) was set up under the NHAI Act, 1988. It has been entrusted with National Highways Development Project (NHDP), which along with other minor projects. The total length of NH (including expressways) in the country is 1,32,499 kms. While highways/ expressways constitute only about 1.7 per cent of the length of all roads, they carry about 40 per cent of the road traffic.

 

National Highways Development Project

Ø  The National Highways Development Project (NHDP) is a project to upgrade, rehabilitate and widen major highways in the country to a higher standard. The project was started in 1998. This project is managed by NHAI under the Ministry of Road, Transport and Highways. The NHDP has been subsumed in the ongoing Bharatmala project.

Ø  Some of the major National Highways constructed under this programme include Golden Quadrilateral (GQ) connecting 4 major metropolitan cities, viz., Delhi-Mumbai-Chennai-Kolkata, North-South & East-West Corridors (NS-EW) connecting Srinagar to Kanyakumari and Silchar to Porbandar with a spur from Salem to Cochin, road connectivity of major ports of the country to national highways.

 

National Highways & Infrastructure Development Corporation

Ø  The NHIDCL is a fully owned company of the Ministry that exclusively carries out the task of construction/ up-grading/widening of national highways in parts of the country which share international boundaries with neighbouring countries in order to promote regional connectively with neighbouring countries on a sustainable basis.

 

Indian Academy of Highway Engineers

Ø  Indian Academy of Highway Engineers (IAHE) is a registered society under the administrative control of the Ministry

 

Indian Road Congress

Ø  The Indian Road Congress (IRC) was formally registered as a society in 1937 under the societies Registration Act of 1860 for periodical holding of road conferences to discuss issues related to road construction, maintenance and development. Under this 16,850 registered members comprising engineers and professionals of all stakeholders of the road sector, from central and state governments; public sector; research Institues; academic institutions, local bodies; private sector; concessionaries; contractors; consultants; equipment manufacturers; machinery manufacturers; material producers and suppliers.

 

PM Gati Shakti Plan

Ø  PM Gati Shakti – National master plan for multi-modal connectivity, 2021 is essentially a digital platform to bring 16 ministries, including Railways and roadways together, for integrated planning and coordinated implementation of infrastructure connectivity projects.

Ø  The multi-modal connectivity will provide integrated and seemless connectivity for movement of people, goods and services from one mode of transport to another.

Ø  Important features are:

·         Comprehensiveness- it will include all existing and planned initiatives of various ministries and departments with one centralised portal.

·         Optimisation- the national master plan will assist different ministries in planning for projects after identifi cation of critical gaps.

·         Analytical- it will provide the entire data at one place with GIS visibility to the executing agency.

·         Dynamic- all ministries and departments will now be able to visualise, review and monitor the progress of cross sectoral progress, through the GIS platform, as the satellite imagery will give on-ground progress periodically and progress of the projects will be updated on the portal.

 

Major Initiatives

Ø  Transport Mission Mode Project has successfully automated RTO operations, set up a consolidated transport database. The salient aspects of this Mission Mode Project are two fl agship applications - Vahan and Sarathi. While Vahan consolidates vehicle registration, taxation, permit, fi tness and associated services across the country, Sarathi looks after the driving license, learner licence, driving schools and related activities.The database is integrated with Aadhaar for biometric authentication and eKYC, integration with digilocker. This allows use of virtual documents like driving license, registration certifi cates, permits, etc., as authorized soft copy.

Ø  Road Safety: The Government has approved a National Road Safety Policy so as to minimize road accidents. The important schemes on road safety operated by the Ministry include publicity measures and awareness campaign on road safety, Scheme for Setting up Institutes for Driving Training, Refresher Training of Drivers in Unorganized Sector and Human Resource Development, National Highways Accident Relief Service Scheme (NHARSS), setting up of inspection and certifi cation centres and road safety and pollution testing equipment and programme implementation.

Ø  e-tolling: In order to remove traffi c bottleneck at toll plazas and ensure seamless movement of vehicles and hassle-free collection of toll, the Government has implemented a nationwide Electronic Toll Collection based on passive Radio Frequency Identifi cation (RFID).It provides for electronic collection of toll through FASTags. The project was fi rst launched in 2015.

Ø  National Green Highways Project: In order to develop eco-friendly highways, the Green Highways (Plantation Transplantation Beautifi cation and Maintenance) Policy was fi rmed up in 2016. The Policy aims to develop eco-friendly National Highways with the participation of community, farmers, NGOs and private sector.

 

Shipping

Ø  The Ministry of Shipping was formed in 2009. The Ministry of Shipping encompasses within its fold shipping and port sectors which also include shipbuilding and ship repair, major ports and inland water transport.

Ø  Maritime Development: India has a long coastline of about 7,517 km, spread on the western and eastern shelves of the mainland and also along the Islands. There are 12 major ports and about 200 non-major ports. Approximately 95 per cent of the country’s trade by volume and 68 per cent by value is moved through maritime transport. Shipping continues to remain unchallenged as the world’s most effi cient means of transportation

Ø  Sagarmala Programme: Government of India has embarked on the ambitious Sagarmala Programme to promote port-led development in the country. The vision of the Programme is to reduce logistics cost of EXIM and domestic trade with minimal infrastructure investment. The objectives of the Programme include: port modernisation, new port development, port connectivity, coastal community development, etc.

Ø  Shipping industry: it is one of the most globalised industries operating in a highly competitive business environment that is far more liberalised than most of the other industries and thus, intricately linked to the world economy and trade.

Ø  Coastal shipping: For making coastal shipping viable, MoPSW is taking numerous steps towards improving ease of doing business and promotion of coastal shipping in India by developing coastal berth, infrastructure, making policies supporting water transport being economical as well as ecofriendly.

Ø  Ship Building: The Indian shipbuilding industry has continued to concentrate on defence, coastal and inland vessels. The fleet expansion plans of Indian Navy and the vessels for the Indian Coast Guard are the two prime segments which were targeted by the Indian shipyards.

Ø  Ship Repair: Indian ship owners continued to rely on overseas repair facilities owing to insuffi cient capacity and high level of taxation. There are 27 shipyards in the country, 6 under central public sector, 2 under state governments and 19 under private sector.

Ø  Ship Recycling: India has 25-30 per cent share in the global ship recycling industry. Ship recycling is carried out mainly at Alang-Sosiya in Gujarat. Started in February, 1983, Alang-Sosiya is the largest ship recycling yard in the world. Ship recycling serves the nation by producing about more than 3.5 million ton per annum of re-rollable steel.

 

Major Ports

Ø  There are 12 major ports and about 200 non-major ports along India’s Coastline which is about “7517 km. The 6 major ports Kolkata, Paradip, Visakhapatnam, Kamarajar (Ennore), Chennai and V.O. Chidamananar are on the east coast and the other major ports viz., Cochin, New Mangalore, Mormugao, Mumbai, Jawaharlal Nehru Port (Sheva, Navi Mumbai) and Deendayal (erstwhile Kandla) are on the west coast.

Ø  The major ports are under the direct administrative control of the Central Government and fall in “Union List 7th Schedule of Constitution. Ports other than the major ones are under jurisdiction of the respective maritime state government and fall in Concurrent List. Of the total traffi c handled by all Indian ports, 57 per cent is handled by major ports and 43 by others.

Ø  Kolkata Port: It is the only riverine major port in the country having been in existence for about 138 years. The port has twin dock systems viz., Kolkata Dock System on the eastern bank and Haldia Dock Complex on the western bank of river Hooghly.

Ø  Paradip Port: Government of India took over the management of the port from the state government in 1965. The Government of India declared Paradip Port Trust (PPT) as the eighth major port the country 1966 making it the fi rst major port in the east coast commissioned in independent India.

Ø  New Mangalore Port: It was declared as the ninth major port in 1974 inaugurated in 1975. The port has 16 berths and one single point mooring.

Ø  Cochin Port: The modern port of Cochin was developed during the period 1920-1940 with efforts of Sir Robert Bristow. Cochin Port is strategically located on the South-West Coast of India and at a commanding position at the cross-roads of the East-West Ocean trade. It is a natural gateway to the vast industrial and agricultural produce markets of the South-West India.

Ø  Jawaharlal Nehru Port: Constructed in the mid 1980’s and commissioned in 1989, Jawaharlal Nehru Port has come a long way by becoming a world-class international container handling port. It is a trendsetter in port development in India through new initiatives like private sector participation.

Ø  Mumbai Port: It is a fully integrated multi-purpose port handling container, dry bulk, liquid bulk and break bulk cargo.

Ø   Chennai Port: It is an all-weather artifi cial harbour with one outer harbour and one inner harbour with a wet dock and a boat basin with round the clock navigation facilities.

Ø   Mormugao Port: It is situated on the west coast of India, is more than a century old port. It has modern infrastructure capable of handling a wide variety of cargo. It is a natural harbour protected by a breakwater and also by a mole.

Ø   V.O. Chidambarnar Port (Tuticorin): It is located strategically close to the east-west international sea routes on the south eastern coast of India at latitude 80°45’N and longitude 78°13’E located in the Gulf of Mannar, with Sri Lanka on the south east and the large land mass of India on the west.

Ø   Deendayal Port (Kandla): It was established in 1950 as a central government project and Union Government took over Kandla for its development as a major port.

Ø   Visakhapatnam Port: Port of Visakhapatnam, a natural harbour, was opened to commercial shipping in 1933.

Ø   Kamarajar Port Limited (Ennore): Kamarajar Port Limited (KPL), the 12th major port under the Ministry of Shipping was commissioned in 2001, primarily as a coal port dedicated to handling thermal coal requirements of Tamil Nadu Electricity Board (TNEB).

 

Inland Water Transport

Ø  India has one of the longest navigable and inland water networks. However, cargo transport through these inland waterways is, presently less than 1 per cent of the total cargo movement in the country.

Ø  Inland Waterways Authority of India (IWAI) was constituted in 1986, for the development and “regulation of inland waterways for shipping and navigation. 111 inland waterways have been declared as ‘National Waterways’ under the National Waterways Act, 2016.

Ø  Jal Marg Vikas Project: It is being implemented by IWAI for the capacity augmentation of National Waterway I on the Haldia – Varanasi stretch of Ganga – Bhagirathi – Hoogly river system with the assistance from World Bank. The salient features of JMVP include: construction of three multimodal and inter-modal terminals, new navigational lock at Farakka, integrated vessel repair and maintenance facilities, day and night navigational aids, river conservancy work, etc.

Ø  Coastal Shipping: Coastal Shipping is fuel-effi cient, environment-friendly and helps in easing traffi c congestion on roads. In other large economies like China, USA and Japan the share of waterways is more than that of India. Presently, the share of waterways in transportation of domestic goods is less than its potential.

Ø  Cruise Shipping: ‘Cruise Tourism’ is a fast-growing component of the leisure industry, worldwide. Through this segment of niche tourism, huge amount of foreign exchange can be earned and income generated onshore by providing the right policy environment and infrastructure. With the steady development of India’s economy, growing middle class and increasing disposable income, the overall environment is conducive for the promotion of cruise tourism within the country.

Ø  Director General of Shipping: The Directorate General of Shipping, an attached offi ce of the Ministry of Shipping, was established in 1949 for administering the Indian Merchant Shipping Act, 1958 on all matters relating to shipping policy and legislation, implementation of various international conventions relating to safety, prevention of pollution and other mandatory regulations of the international maritime organizations, promotion of maritime education and training, examination and certifi cation, supervision of other subordinate offi ces for their effective functioning etc.

Ø  Indian Maritime University: it was set up in 2008 in Chennai as a central university with campuses at Chennai, Kolkata and Visakhapatnam. The existing seven government and government and government-aided maritime training and research institutes.

Ø  Lighthouses and lightships: Director General of lighthouses and lightships provides service to enabler the mariners to know their position with respect to a fixed point on the land with the help of visual aids to navigation like differential global positioning system, radar beacons, vessel traffi c service and automatic  identifi  cation system.

Ø  Dredging corporation of India: it was formed in 1976 to provide integrated dredging and related marine services for promoting the country’s national and international maritime trade, beach nourishment, reclamation, inland dredging, environmental protection and ultimately to become a global player.

 

Civil Aviation

Ø  The Ministry of Civil Aviation is responsible for formulation of national policies and programmes for the development and regulation of the civil aviation sector in the country. It is responsible for the administration of the Aircraft Act, 1934, Aircraft Rules, 1937 and various other legislations pertaining to the aviation sector in the country. Ministry provides guidance to the organisation in the implementation of policy guidelines, monitors and evaluates their activities and also provides their interface with the Parliament.

Ø  National Civil Aviation Policy, 2016 It aims at creating an ecosystem that will push the growth of the civil aviation sector, which in turn, would promote tourism, increase employment and lead to a balanced regional growth. The Policy aims to take fl ying to the masses by making it affordable and convenient, enhance ease of doing business through deregulation, simplifi ed procedures and e-governance and promote the entire aviation sector chain in a harmonized manner covering cargo, MRO, general aviation, aerospace manufacturing and skill development.

 

Regional connectivity scheme

Ø  The Regional Connectivity Scheme (RCS)-UDAN was envisaged in National Civil Aviation Policy (NCAP) 2016 with the twin objective of promoting balanced regional growth and making fl ying affordable for masses. The Scheme, which will be in operation for a period of 10 years, envisages providing connectivity to un-served and underserved airports of the country through revival of existing air strips and airports.

 

Air Sewa

Ø  Air Sewa is an initiative of the Ministry of Civil Aviation launched in 2016 to offer people a convenient and hassle-free air travel experience. It includes a mechanism for grievance redressal, back-offi ce operations for grievance handling fl ight status/schedule information, airport Information and FAQS.

 

FDI Liberalization

Ø  Government of India has raised the FDI limit for 49 to 100 per cent in scheduled and non-scheduled yair transport services, FDI in scheduled airlines upto 49 percent permitted under automatic route and FDI beyond 49 percent through Government Approval. For NRIs, 100 percent FDI will continue to he allowed under automatic route.

 

Directorate General of Civil Aviation

Ø  The Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) is an attached offi ce of the Ministry of Civil Aviation and is headed by Director General (Civil Aviation). DGCA is primarily responsible for regulation of air transport services to/from/within India and for enforcement of civil air regulations, air safety and airworthiness standards .It is also responsible for licensing of pilots, aircraft maintenance engineers and monitoring of fl ight crew standards; regulation of civil aircraft; investigation of minor air incidents; supervision of training activities of fl ying/gliding clubs and other such regulatory functions.

 

Bureau of Civil Aviation Security

Ø  BCAS is the regulator for civil aviation security in the country and is responsible for laying down the standards for pre-embarkation security and anti-sabotage measures in respect of civil fl ights and ensuring their compliance through regular inspections and security audits. The aim of BCAS is to safeguard civil aviation operations against acts of unlawful interference and it is the regulatory authority for discharging all relevant national and international obligations in respect of aviation security responsibilities which include, interalia, planning and coordination of all aviation security related activities, operational emergencies and crisis management.

 

Airports Authority of India

Ø  Airports Authority of India (AAI) came into being in April 1995. AAI is a Mini Ratna.

Ø  AAI involves in building, upgrading, maintaining and managing airport infrastructure across the country. It owns and maintains 136 airports (110 operational and 26 non-operational) comprising 24 international airports, 10 custom airports, 81 domestic airports and 21 domestic civil enclaves.

Ø  Air Navigation Services

Ø  AAI provides Air navigation services at all airports in the country. AAI manages the designated Indian air space measuring 2.8 million square nautical miles which includes land area measuring 1.05 million square nautical miles and oceanic airspace measuring 1.75 million square nautical miles.

 

GPS Aided Geo Augmented Navigation (GAGAN):

Ø  GAGAN is an augmentation system to enhance the accuracy and integrity of GPS signals to meet precision approach requirements in Civil Aviation and it is being implemented jointly by AAI and ISRO.

 

Drones or unmanned Aircraft system (UAS)

Ø  In order to make India a global hub for research and development, testing, manufacturing and operation of drones, the central government has notifi ed the drone rules, 2021 on 25th August, 2021.

Ø  To promote domestic manufacturing of drones, the government has notifi ed the production linked incentives scheme for drones and drone components on 30th September, 2021.

Ø  A digitalsky platform has been launched which will regulate the entire gamut of activities pertaining to drone operations. The airspace map for drones has been released on digital sky platform.

 

Digi yatra

Ø  The initiative envisages seamless and hassle-free passenger processing without need for verifi cation of tickets and ID at multiple check points. Digi Yatra will ensure Paperless travel by using biometric Technologies will improve passenger experience and reduce queue waiting time as passenger scan walk through e-gates by using advanced security solutions.

 

Air India

Ø  Consequent upon merger of erstwhile Air India Ltd. and Indian Airlines, a new company viz., National Aviation Company of India Limited (NACIL) was incorporated. Consequently post-merger, the new entity is known as “Air India” and the appointed date of the merger is 1 April 2007. The “Maharaja” is retained as its mascot.

Ø  Air-India Charters Limited (AICL) operates a low cost airline under the brand name “Air India Express”. Launched in 2005 with a fl eet of 3 leased B737-800 aircraft, it operated from 3 stations in Kerala to 5 stations in the Gulf.Alliance Air operates air services in the North East Regiony under an MoU with the North Eastern Council (NEC). It also operates fl ights between Agatti and the mainland under an undertaking of grant of Viability Gap Funding (VGF) by the Lakshadweep Administration.

 

 Vande Bharat Mission

Ø  Vande Bharat Mission consists of special repatriation fl ights operated by Indian carriers and chartered fl ights operated by both Indian and foreign carriers. As per the information provided by the Ministry of External Affairs till August 2020, more than 11 lakh Indians (excluding land border crossings) have returned to India under this mission.

 

Lifeline UDAN

Ø  Ministry of Civil Aviation launched ‘Lifeline UDAN’ in March 2020. It is an initiative to ensure a steady supply of essentials as well as medical supplies, Personal Protective Equipment (PPEs), test kits, etc., to all parts of the country

 

Airports Economic Regulatory Authority of India

Ø  The Airports Economic Regulatory Authority (AERA) is a statutory body constituted under the Airports Economic Regulatory Authority of India Act, 2008 in 2009 with its head offi ce at Delhi.

 

Aircraft Accident Investigation Bureau

Ø  It is an attached offi ce of the Ministry and has its headquarters in New Delhi. The bureau provides independence of investigation function from the regulatory function in accordance with the ICAO SARPs.

Ø  AAIB investigates into accidents and serious incidents, with the ICAO. The sole objective of investigation is accident prevention.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

**********