Environmental policy | Environmental Geography | Principle Of Geography

 

Environmental Geography

Principle Of Geography

Geography Complete Study Material

(Paper - I)

Environmental Policy

          The awareness and consideration for environment covers several environmental issues such as pollution of water, air and soil, land degradation, industrialization, urbanization, depletion of natural resources etc. Environmental policy refers to making laws, regulations, conventions, and codes of conduct to prevent or mitigate the harmful impact of human activities on the environment. In India, the Ministry of Environment and forest is implementing an agency of environmental policy. National environment policy 2006 is the latest guiding principle of the environment in India; as per policy both state and the public are responsible to make the environment healthy.

Some of the important Policy for environment protection are as follows: National Level

• The National Green Tribunal Act, 2010
• The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981
• The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974
• The Environment Protection Act, 1986
• The Hazardous Waste Management Regulations, etc.

Some of the important Policy for environment protection are as follows: International Level

• 1922: Birdlife International( earlier it was called International Council for Bird Preservation)
• 1937: Wetland International
• 1961: World Wildlife Fund for nature
• 1964: IUCN (International Union for the conservation of Nature)
• 1972: UNESCO
• 1973;  Convention on International trade in endangered species of wild flora and fauna (CITES)
• 1976; TRAFFIC( the wildlife trade monitoring network)
• 1985: Vienna convention for the protection of the ozone layer
• 1987; Montreal protocol on a substance that depletes the ozone layer. Ban CFCs.
• 1989: Basel convention; Transboundary movement of Hazardous waste and their disposal.
• 1992: Convention on biological diversity; Nairobi
• 1992: Global Environment Facility:
• 1992: Rio-Earth Summit
• 1994: The United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification
• 1997: Kyoto Protocol
• 2001: Stockholm Convention on persistent organic pollutants
• 2004: The International Treaty on Plant genetic resources for food and Agriculture( Seed Treaty / sustainable uses of plant genetic resources in line with biodiversity act)
• 2008: UN-REDD + Programme;
• 2008: Global Climate Change Alliance
• 2010: Green Climate Fund
• 2012: Rio + 20 Conference
• 2013: Minamata Convention on Mercury 
• 2016: Kigali Agreement; ozone depletion substance; ban the production of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs).